Load 32-bit constant to register in MIPS

I was confused about this part while I study MIPS.

The textbook written by Professor [John L. Hennessy](

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) say if we get some *big* constant to load, we should

lui $s0, upper(big)
ori $s0, $s0, lower(big)


But why don't we just do

addi $s0, $zero, big

Since the registers are 32-bit, this is more strightforward, isn't it?

Yes registers are 32-bits but how can you specify a 32-bit number in an instruction that is 32 bits? An instruction consists of opcode and data. So, you can't squeeze an opcode + 32-bit data in a single addi.

You can use literal pool if you need to load a lot of constants. Then each constant load costs only 1 load instruction. More information [here](

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) and [here](

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)

Alternatively, using *.data* and *.text*

.data
word32bits: .word 0xFFFFFFFF

.text
lw $t0, word32bits # $t0 now contains your 32 bit word.

The immediate argument passed to `addi` is only 16 bits. To load a 32-bit immediate value that is outside the range of a 16-bit value you need to do it in two goes, as in the example from your text book.

(Anticipating a further question, the reason there is no *load immediate* or *add immediate* instruction which takes a 32-bit immediate value is because the MIPS ISA uses fixed size 32-bit instructions, so there are always < 32 bits available for any instruction arguments - this is very common in RISC architectures.)